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2466ns?avr?10/06 features ? high-performance, low-power avr ? 8-bit microcontroller ? advanced risc architecture ? 131 powerful instructions ? most single-clock cycle execution ? 32 x 8 general purpose working registers ? fully static operation ? up to 16 mips throughput at 16 mhz ? on-chip 2-cycle multiplier ? nonvolatile program and data memories ? 16k bytes of in-system self-programmable flash endurance: 10,000 write/erase cycles ? optional boot code section with independent lock bits in-system programming by on-chip boot program true read-while-w rite operation ? 512 bytes eeprom endurance: 100,000 write/erase cycles ? 1k byte internal sram ? programming lock for software security ? jtag (ieee std. 1149.1 compliant) interface ? boundary-scan capabilities a ccording to the jtag standard ? extensive on-chip debug support ? programming of flash, eeprom, fuses, an d lock bits through the jtag interface ? peripheral features ? two 8-bit timer/counters with se parate prescalers and compare modes ? one 16-bit timer/counter with separate prescaler, compare mode, and capture mode ? real time counter with separate oscillator ? four pwm channels ? 8-channel, 10-bit adc 8 single-ended channels 7 differential channels in tqfp package only 2 differential channels with prog rammable gain at 1x, 10x, or 200x ? byte-oriented two-wi re serial interface ? programmable serial usart ? master/slave spi serial interface ? programmable watchdog timer with separate on-chip oscillator ? on-chip analog comparator ? special microcontroller features ? power-on reset and programmable brown-out detection ? internal calibrated rc oscillator ? external and internal interrupt sources ? six sleep modes: idle, adc noise reduction, power-save, power-down, standby and extended standby ? i/o and packages ? 32 programmable i/o lines ? 40-pin pdip, 44-lead tqfp, and 44-pad qfn/mlf ? operating voltages ? 2.7 - 5.5v for atmega16l ? 4.5 - 5.5v for atmega16 ? speed grades ? 0 - 8 mhz for atmega16l ? 0 - 16 mhz for atmega16 ? power consumption @ 1 mhz, 3v, and 25 c for atmega16l ? active: 1.1 ma ? idle mode: 0.35 ma ? power-down mode: < 1 a 8-bit microcontroller with 16k bytes in-system programmable flash atmega16 atmega16l summary note: this is a summary do cument. a complete document is available on our web site at www.atmel.com.
2 atmega16(l) 2466ns?avr?10/06 pin configurations figure 1. pinout atmega16 disclaimer typical values contained in this datasheet are based on simulations and characteriza- tion of other avr microcontrollers manufactured on the same process technology. min and max values will be available afte r the device is characterized. (xck/t0) pb0 (t1) pb1 (int2/ain0) pb2 (oc0/ain1) pb3 (ss) pb4 (mosi) pb5 (miso) pb6 (sck) pb7 reset vcc gnd xtal2 xtal1 (rxd) pd0 (txd) pd1 (int0) pd2 (int1) pd3 (oc1b) pd4 (oc1a) pd5 (icp1) pd6 pa0 (adc0) pa1 (adc1) pa2 (adc2) pa3 (adc3) pa4 (adc4) pa5 (adc5) pa6 (adc6) pa7 (adc7) aref gnd avcc pc7 (tosc2) pc6 (tosc1) pc5 (tdi) pc4 (tdo) pc3 (tms) pc2 (tck) pc1 (sda) pc0 (scl) pd7 (oc2) pa4 (adc4) pa5 (adc5) pa6 (adc6) pa7 (adc7) aref gnd avcc pc7 (tosc2) pc6 (tosc1) pc5 (tdi) pc4 (tdo) (mosi) pb5 (miso) pb6 (sck) pb7 reset vcc gnd xtal2 xtal1 (rxd) pd0 (txd) pd1 (int0) pd2 (int1) pd3 (oc1b) pd4 (oc1a) pd5 (icp1) pd6 (oc2) pd7 vcc gnd (scl) pc0 (sda) pc1 (tck) pc2 (tms) pc3 pb4 (ss) pb3 (ain1/oc0) pb2 (ain0/int2) pb1 (t1) pb0 (xck/t0) gnd vcc pa0 (adc0) pa1 (adc1) pa2 (adc2) pa3 (adc3) pdip tqfp/qfn/mlf note: bottom pad should be soldered to ground.
3 atmega16(l) 2466ns?avr?10/06 overview the atmega16 is a low-power cmos 8-bit microcontroller based on the avr enhanced risc architecture. by executing powerful in structions in a single clock cycle, the atmega16 achieves throughputs approaching 1 mips per mhz allowing the system designer to optimize power consum ption versus processing speed. block diagram figure 2. block diagram internal oscillator oscillator watchdog timer mcu ctrl. & timing oscillator timers/ counters interrupt unit stack pointer eeprom sram status register usart program counter program flash instruction register instruction decoder programming logic spi adc interface comp. interface porta drivers/buffers porta digital interface general purpose registers x y z alu + - portc drivers/buffers portc digital interface portb digital interface portb drivers/buffers portd digital interface portd drivers/buffers xtal1 xtal2 reset control lines vcc gnd mux & adc aref pa0 - pa7 pc0 - pc7 pd0 - pd7 pb0 - pb7 avr cpu twi avcc internal calibrated oscillator
4 atmega16(l) 2466ns?avr?10/06 the avr core combines a rich instruction se t with 32 general purpose working registers. all the 32 registers are directly connected to the arithmetic logic unit (alu), allowing two independent registers to be accessed in one single instruction executed in one clock cycle. the resulting architecture is more code efficient while achieving throughputs up to ten times faster than conventional cisc microcontrollers. the atmega16 provides the following features: 16k bytes of in-system programmable flash program memory with read-while-write capabilit ies, 512 bytes eeprom, 1k byte sram, 32 general purpose i/o lines, 32 general purpose working registers, a jtag interface for boundary-scan, on-chip debugging support and programming, three flexible timer/counters with compare modes, internal and external interrupts, a serial programmable usart, a byte oriented two-wire serial interface, an 8-channel, 10-bit adc with optional differential input stage with programmable gain (tqfp package only), a programmable watchdog timer with internal oscillator, an spi serial port, and six software selectable power saving modes. th e idle mode stops the cpu while allowing the usart, two-wire interface, a/d conver ter, sram, timer/counters, spi port, and interrupt system to continue functioning. the power-down mode saves the register con- tents but freezes the oscillator, disabling a ll other chip functions until the next external interrupt or hardware reset. in power-save mode, the asynchronous timer continues to run, allowing the user to maintain a timer base while the rest of the device is sleeping. the adc noise reduction mode stops the cpu and all i/o modules except asynchro- nous timer and adc, to minimize switching noise during adc conversions. in standby mode, the crystal/res onator oscillator is running while th e rest of the device is sleeping. this allows very fast start-up combi ned with low-power consumption. in extended standby mode, both th e main oscillator and the asynchronous time r continue to run. the device is manufactured using atmel?s hi gh density nonvolatile memory technology. the on-chip isp flash allows the program memory to be reprogrammed in-system through an spi serial interface, by a conventional nonvolatile memory programmer, or by an on-chip boot program running on the avr core. the boot program can use any interface to download the application program in the application flash memory. soft- ware in the boot flas h section will continue to run while the application flash section is updated, providing true read-while-write operation. by combining an 8-bit risc cpu with in-system self-programmable flash on a monolithic chip, the atmel atmega16 is a powerful microcontroller that provides a highly-flexible and cost-effective solution to many embedded control applications. the atmega16 avr is supported with a full suite of program and system development tools including: c compilers, macro assemble rs, program debugger/simulators, in-circuit emulators, and evaluation kits. pin descriptions vcc digital supply voltage. gnd ground. port a (pa7..pa0) port a serves as the analog inputs to the a/d converter. port a also serves as an 8-bit bi-directional i/o port, if the a/d converter is not used. port pins can provide internal pull-up resistors (selected for each bit). the port a output buffers have symmetrical drive characteristics with both high sink and source capability. when pins pa0 to pa7 are used as inputs a nd are externally pulled low, they will source current if the internal pull-up resistors are activated. the port a pins are tri-stated when a reset condition becomes active, even if the clock is not running.
5 atmega16(l) 2466ns?avr?10/06 port b (pb7..pb0) port b is an 8-bit bi-directional i/o port with internal pull-up resistors (selected for each bit). the port b output buffers have symmetrical drive characteristics with both high sink and source capability. as inputs, port b pi ns that are externally pulled low will source current if the pull-up resistors are activated. the port b pins are tri-stated when a reset condition becomes active, even if the clock is not running. port b also serves the functions of various special features of the atmega16 as listed on page 56. port c (pc7..pc0) port c is an 8-bit bi-directional i/o port with internal pull-up resistors (selected for each bit). the port c output buffers have symmetrical drive characteristics with both high sink and source capability. as inputs, port c pi ns that are externally pulled low will source current if the pull-up resistors are activated. the port c pins are tri-stated when a reset condition becomes active, even if the clock is not running. if the jtag interface is enabled, the pull-up resistors on pins pc5(td i), pc3(tms) and pc2(tck) will be acti- vated even if a reset occurs. port c also serves the functions of the jtag interface and other special features of the atmega16 as listed on page 59. port d (pd7..pd0) port d is an 8-bit bi-directional i/o port with internal pull-up resistors (selected for each bit). the port d output buffers have symmetrical drive characteristics with both high sink and source capability. as inputs, port d pi ns that are externally pulled low will source current if the pull-up resistors are activated. the port d pins are tri-stated when a reset condition becomes active, even if the clock is not running. port d also serves the functions of various special features of the atmega16 as listed on page 61. reset reset input. a low level on this pin for long er than the minimum pulse length will gener- ate a reset, even if the clock is not running. the minimum pulse length is given in table 15 on page 36. shorter pulses are not guaranteed to generate a reset. xtal1 input to the inverting oscillato r amplifier and input to the in ternal clock operating circuit. xtal2 output from the invert ing oscillator amplifier. avcc avcc is the supply voltage pin for port a and the a/d converter. it should be externally connected to v cc , even if the adc is not used. if the adc is used, it should be con- nected to v cc through a low-pass filter. aref aref is the analog reference pin for the a/d converter. resources a comprehensive set of development tools, application notes and datasheets are avail- able for download on http://www.atmel.com/avr.
6 atmega16(l) 2466ns?avr?10/06 register summary address name bit 7 bit 6 bit 5 bit 4 bit 3 bit 2 bit 1 bit 0 page $3f ($5f) sreg i t h s v n z c 7 $3e ($5e) sph ? ? ? ? ? sp10 sp9 sp8 10 $3d ($5d) spl sp7 sp6 sp5 sp4 sp3 sp2 sp1 sp0 10 $3c ($5c) ocr0 timer/counter0 output compare register 83 $3b ($5b) gicr int1 int0 int2 ? ? ? ivsel ivce 46, 67 $3a ($5a) gifr intf1 intf0 intf2 ? ? ? ? ?68 $39 ($59) timsk ocie2 toie2 ticie1 ocie1a ocie1b toie1 ocie0 toie0 83, 114, 132 $38 ($58) tifr ocf2 tov2 icf1 ocf1a ocf1b tov1 ocf0 tov0 84, 115, 132 $37 ($57) spmcr spmie rwwsb ? rwwsre blbset pgwrt pgers spmen 250 $36 ($56) twcr twint twea twsta twsto twwc twen ? twie 178 $35 ($55) mcucr sm2 se sm1 sm0 isc11 isc10 isc01 isc00 30, 66 $34 ($54) mcucsr jtd isc2 ? jtrf wdrf borf extrf porf 39, 67, 229 $33 ($53) tccr0 foc0 wgm00 com01 com00 wgm01 cs02 cs01 cs00 81 $32 ($52) tcnt0 timer/counter0 (8 bits) 83 $31 (1) ($51) (1) osccal oscillator calibration register 28 ocdr on-chip debug register 225 $30 ($50) sfior adts2 adts1 adts0 ? acme pud psr2 psr10 55,86,133,199,219 $2f ($4f) tccr1a com1a1 com1a0 com1b1 com1b0 foc1a foc1b wgm11 wgm10 109 $2e ($4e) tccr1b icnc1 ices1 ? wgm13 wgm12 cs12 cs11 cs10 112 $2d ($4d) tcnt1h timer/counter1 ? counter register high byte 113 $2c ($4c) tcnt1l timer/counter1 ? counter register low byte 113 $2b ($4b) ocr1ah timer/counter1 ? output compare register a high byte 113 $2a ($4a) ocr1al timer/counter1 ? output compare register a low byte 113 $29 ($49) ocr1bh timer/counter1 ? output compare register b high byte 113 $28 ($48) ocr1bl timer/counter1 ? output compare register b low byte 113 $27 ($47) icr1h timer/counter1 ? input capture register high byte 114 $26 ($46) icr1l timer/counter1 ? input capture register low byte 114 $25 ($45) tccr2 foc2 wgm20 com21 com20 wgm21 cs22 cs21 cs20 127 $24 ($44) tcnt2 timer/counter2 (8 bits) 129 $23 ($43) ocr2 timer/counter2 output compare register 129 $22 ($42) assr ? ? ? ? as2 tcn2ub ocr2ub tcr2ub 130 $21 ($41) wdtcr ? ? ? wdtoe wde wdp2 wdp1 wdp0 41 $20 (2) ($40) (2) ubrrh ursel ? ? ? ubrr[11:8] 165 ucsrc ursel umsel upm1 upm0 usbs ucsz1 ucsz0 ucpol 164 $1f ($3f) eearh ? ? ? ? ? ? ?eear8 17 $1e ($3e) eearl eeprom address register low byte 17 $1d ($3d) eedr eeprom data register 17 $1c ($3c) eecr ? ? ? ? eerie eemwe eewe eere 17 $1b ($3b) porta porta7 porta6 porta5 porta4 porta3 porta2 porta1 porta0 64 $1a ($3a) ddra dda7 dda6 dda5 dda4 dda3 dda2 dda1 dda0 64 $19 ($39) pina pina7 pina6 pina5 pina4 pina3 pina2 pina1 pina0 64 $18 ($38) portb portb7 portb6 portb5 portb4 portb3 portb2 portb1 portb0 64 $17 ($37) ddrb ddb7 ddb6 ddb5 ddb4 ddb3 ddb2 ddb1 ddb0 64 $16 ($36) pinb pinb7 pinb6 pinb5 pinb4 pinb3 pinb2 pinb1 pinb0 64 $15 ($35) portc portc7 portc6 portc5 portc4 portc3 portc2 portc1 portc0 65 $14 ($34) ddrc ddc7 ddc6 ddc5 ddc4 ddc3 ddc2 ddc1 ddc0 65 $13 ($33) pinc pinc7 pinc6 pinc5 pinc4 pinc3 pinc2 pinc1 pinc0 65 $12 ($32) portd portd7 portd6 portd5 portd4 portd3 portd2 portd1 portd0 65 $11 ($31) ddrd ddd7 ddd6 ddd5 ddd4 ddd3 ddd2 ddd1 ddd0 65 $10 ($30) pind pind7 pind6 pind5 pind4 pind3 pind2 pind1 pind0 65 $0f ($2f) spdr spi data register 140 $0e ($2e) spsr spif wcol ? ? ? ? ? spi2x 140 $0d ($2d) spcr spie spe dord mstr cpol cpha spr1 spr0 138 $0c ($2c) udr usart i/o data register 161 $0b ($2b) ucsra rxc txc udre fe dor pe u2x mpcm 162 $0a ($2a) ucsrb rxcie txcie udrie rxen txen ucsz2 rxb8 txb8 163 $09 ($29) ubrrl usart baud rate register low byte 165 $08 ($28) acsr acd acbg aco aci acie acic acis1 acis0 200 $07 ($27) admux refs1 refs0 adlar mux4 mux3 mux2 mux1 mux0 215 $06 ($26) adcsra aden adsc adate adif adie adps2 adps1 adps0 217 $05 ($25) adch adc data register high byte 218 $04 ($24) adcl adc data register low byte 218 $03 ($23) twdr two-wire serial interface data register 180 $02 ($22) twar twa6 twa5 twa4 twa3 twa2 twa1 twa0 twgce 180
7 atmega16(l) 2466ns?avr?10/06 notes: 1. when the ocden fuse is unprogrammed, the osccal regist er is always accessed on this address. refer to the debug- ger specific documentation for details on how to use the ocdr register. 2. refer to the usart description for details on how to access ubrrh and ucsrc. 3. for compatibility with future devices, reserved bits should be written to zero if accessed. reserved i/o memory addresses should never be written. 4. some of the status flags are cleared by writing a logical one to them. note that the cbi and sbi instructions will operate on all bits in the i/o register, writing a one back into any flag read as set, thus clearing the flag. the cbi and sbi instruction s work with registers $00 to $1f only. $01 ($21) twsr tws7 tws6 tws5 tws4 tws3 ? twps1 twps0 179 $00 ($20) twbr two-wire serial interface bit rate register 178 address name bit 7 bit 6 bit 5 bit 4 bit 3 bit 2 bit 1 bit 0 page
8 atmega16(l) 2466ns?avr?10/06 instruction set summary mnemonics operands description operation flags #clocks arithmetic and logic instructions add rd, rr add two registers rd rd + rr z,c,n,v,h 1 adc rd, rr add with carry two registers rd rd + rr + c z,c,n,v,h 1 adiw rdl,k add immediate to word rdh:rdl rdh:rdl + k z,c,n,v,s 2 sub rd, rr subtract two registers rd rd - rr z,c,n,v,h 1 subi rd, k subtract constant from register rd rd - k z,c,n,v,h 1 sbc rd, rr subtract with carry two registers rd rd - rr - c z,c,n,v,h 1 sbci rd, k subtract with carry constant from reg. rd rd - k - c z,c,n,v,h 1 sbiw rdl,k subtract immediate from word rdh:rdl rdh:rdl - k z,c,n,v,s 2 and rd, rr logical and registers rd rd ? rr z,n,v 1 andi rd, k logical and register and constant rd rd ? k z,n,v 1 or rd, rr logical or registers rd rd v rr z,n,v 1 ori rd, k logical or register and constant rd rd v k z,n,v 1 eor rd, rr exclusive or registers rd rd rr z,n,v 1 com rd one?s complement rd $ff ? rd z,c,n,v 1 neg rd two?s complement rd $00 ? rd z,c,n,v,h 1 sbr rd,k set bit(s) in register rd rd v k z,n,v 1 cbr rd,k clear bit(s) in register rd rd ? ($ff - k) z,n,v 1 inc rd increment rd rd + 1 z,n,v 1 dec rd decrement rd rd ? 1 z,n,v 1 tst rd test for zero or minus rd rd ? rd z,n,v 1 clr rd clear register rd rd rd z,n,v 1 ser rd set register rd $ff none 1 mul rd, rr multiply unsigned r1:r0 rd x rr z,c 2 muls rd, rr multiply signed r1:r0 rd x rr z,c 2 mulsu rd, rr multiply signed with unsigned r1:r0 rd x rr z,c 2 fmul rd, rr fractional multiply unsigned r1:r0 (rd x rr) << 1 z,c 2 fmuls rd, rr fractional multiply signed r1:r0 (rd x rr) << 1 z,c 2 fmulsu rd, rr fractional multiply signed with unsigned r1:r0 (rd x rr) << 1 z,c 2 branch instructions rjmp k relative jump pc pc + k + 1 none 2 ijmp indirect jump to (z) pc z none 2 jmp k direct jump pc knone3 rcall k relative subroutine call pc pc + k + 1 none 3 icall indirect call to (z) pc znone3 call k direct subroutine call pc knone4 ret subroutine return pc stack none 4 reti interrupt return pc stack i 4 cpse rd,rr compare, skip if equal if (rd = rr) pc pc + 2 or 3 none 1 / 2 / 3 cp rd,rr compare rd ? rr z, n,v,c,h 1 cpc rd,rr compare with carry rd ? rr ? c z, n,v,c,h 1 cpi rd,k compare register with immediate rd ? k z, n,v,c,h 1 sbrc rr, b skip if bit in register cleared if (rr(b)=0) pc pc + 2 or 3 none 1 / 2 / 3 sbrs rr, b skip if bit in register is set if (rr(b)=1) pc pc + 2 or 3 none 1 / 2 / 3 sbic p, b skip if bit in i/o register cleared if (p(b)=0) pc pc + 2 or 3 none 1 / 2 / 3 sbis p, b skip if bit in i/o register is set if (p(b)=1) pc pc + 2 or 3 none 1 / 2 / 3 brbs s, k branch if status flag set if (sreg(s) = 1) then pc pc+k + 1 none 1 / 2 brbc s, k branch if status flag cleared if (sreg(s) = 0) then pc pc+k + 1 none 1 / 2 breq k branch if equal if (z = 1) then pc pc + k + 1 none 1 / 2 brne k branch if not equal if (z = 0) then pc pc + k + 1 none 1 / 2 brcs k branch if carry set if (c = 1) then pc pc + k + 1 none 1 / 2 brcc k branch if carry cleared if (c = 0) then pc pc + k + 1 none 1 / 2 brsh k branch if same or higher if (c = 0) then pc pc + k + 1 none 1 / 2 brlo k branch if lower if (c = 1) then pc pc + k + 1 none 1 / 2 brmi k branch if minus if (n = 1) then pc pc + k + 1 none 1 / 2 brpl k branch if plus if (n = 0) then pc pc + k + 1 none 1 / 2 brge k branch if greater or equal, signed if (n v= 0) then pc pc + k + 1 none 1 / 2 brlt k branch if less than zero, signed if (n v= 1) then pc pc + k + 1 none 1 / 2 brhs k branch if half carry flag set if (h = 1) then pc pc + k + 1 none 1 / 2 brhc k branch if half carry flag cleared if (h = 0) then pc pc + k + 1 none 1 / 2 brts k branch if t flag set if (t = 1) then pc pc + k + 1 none 1 / 2 brtc k branch if t flag cleared if (t = 0) then pc pc + k + 1 none 1 / 2 brvs k branch if overflow flag is set if (v = 1) then pc pc + k + 1 none 1 / 2 brvc k branch if overflow flag is cleared if (v = 0) then pc pc + k + 1 none 1 / 2
9 atmega16(l) 2466ns?avr?10/06 brie k branch if interrupt enabled if ( i = 1) then pc pc + k + 1 none 1 / 2 brid k branch if interrupt disabled if ( i = 0) then pc pc + k + 1 none 1 / 2 data transfer instructions mov rd, rr move between registers rd rr none 1 movw rd, rr copy register word rd+1:rd rr+1:rr none 1 ldi rd, k load immediate rd knone1 ld rd, x load indirect rd (x) none 2 ld rd, x+ load indirect and post-inc. rd (x), x x + 1 none 2 ld rd, - x load indirect and pre-dec. x x - 1, rd (x) none 2 ld rd, y load indirect rd (y) none 2 ld rd, y+ load indirect and post-inc. rd (y), y y + 1 none 2 ld rd, - y load indirect and pre-dec. y y - 1, rd (y) none 2 ldd rd,y+q load indirect with displacement rd (y + q) none 2 ld rd, z load indirect rd (z) none 2 ld rd, z+ load indirect and post-inc. rd (z), z z+1 none 2 ld rd, -z load indirect and pre-dec. z z - 1, rd (z) none 2 ldd rd, z+q load indirect with displacement rd (z + q) none 2 lds rd, k load direct from sram rd (k) none 2 st x, rr store indirect (x) rr none 2 st x+, rr store indirect and post-inc. (x) rr, x x + 1 none 2 st - x, rr store indirect and pre-dec. x x - 1, (x) rr none 2 st y, rr store indirect (y) rr none 2 st y+, rr store indirect and post-inc. (y) rr, y y + 1 none 2 st - y, rr store indirect and pre-dec. y y - 1, (y) rr none 2 std y+q,rr store indirect with displacement (y + q) rr none 2 st z, rr store indirect (z) rr none 2 st z+, rr store indirect and post-inc. (z) rr, z z + 1 none 2 st -z, rr store indirect and pre-dec. z z - 1, (z) rr none 2 std z+q,rr store indirect with displacement (z + q) rr none 2 sts k, rr store direct to sram (k) rr none 2 lpm load program memory r0 (z) none 3 lpm rd, z load program memory rd (z) none 3 lpm rd, z+ load program memory and post-inc rd (z), z z+1 none 3 spm store program memory (z) r1:r0 none - in rd, p in port rd pnone1 out p, rr out port p rr none 1 push rr push register on stack stack rr none 2 pop rd pop register from stack rd stack none 2 bit and bit-test instructions sbi p,b set bit in i/o register i/o(p,b) 1none2 cbi p,b clear bit in i/o register i/o(p,b) 0none2 lsl rd logical shift left rd(n+1) rd(n), rd(0) 0 z,c,n,v 1 lsr rd logical shift right rd(n) rd(n+1), rd(7) 0 z,c,n,v 1 rol rd rotate left through carry rd(0) c,rd(n+1) rd(n),c rd(7) z,c,n,v 1 ror rd rotate right through carry rd(7) c,rd(n) rd(n+1),c rd(0) z,c,n,v 1 asr rd arithmetic shift right rd(n) rd(n+1), n=0..6 z,c,n,v 1 swap rd swap nibbles rd(3..0) rd(7..4),rd(7..4) rd(3..0) none 1 bset s flag set sreg(s) 1 sreg(s) 1 bclr s flag clear sreg(s) 0 sreg(s) 1 bst rr, b bit store from register to t t rr(b) t 1 bld rd, b bit load from t to register rd(b) tnone1 sec set carry c 1c1 clc clear carry c 0 c 1 sen set negative flag n 1n1 cln clear negative flag n 0 n 1 sez set zero flag z 1z1 clz clear zero flag z 0 z 1 sei global interrupt enable i 1i1 cli global interrupt disable i 0 i 1 ses set signed test flag s 1s1 cls clear signed test flag s 0 s 1 sev set twos complement overflow. v 1v1 clv clear twos complement overflow v 0 v 1 set set t in sreg t 1t1 clt clear t in sreg t 0 t 1 seh set half carry flag in sreg h 1h1 mnemonics operands description operation flags #clocks
10 atmega16(l) 2466ns?avr?10/06 clh clear half carry flag in sreg h 0 h 1 mcu control instructions nop no operation none 1 sleep sleep (see specific descr. for sleep function) none 1 wdr watchdog reset (see specific descr. for wdr/timer) none 1 break break for on-chip debug only none n/a mnemonics operands description operation flags #clocks
11 atmega16(l) 2466ns?avr?10/06 ordering information note: 1. pb-free packaging alternative, complies to the european directive for restriction of hazardous substances (rohs direc- tive). also halide free and fully green. speed (mhz) power supply ordering code package operation range 8 2.7 - 5.5v atmega16l-8ac ATMEGA16L-8PC atmega16l-8mc 44a 40p6 44m1 commercial (0 o c to 70 o c) atmega16l-8ai atmega16l-8au (1) atmega16l-8pi atmega16l-8pu (1) atmega16l-8mi atmega16l-8mu (1) 44a 44a 40p6 40p6 44m1 44m1 industrial (-40 o c to 85 o c) 16 4.5 - 5.5v atmega16-16ac atmega16-16pc atmega16-16mc 44a 40p6 44m1 commercial (0 o c to 70 o c) atmega16-16ai atmega16-16au (1) atmega16-16pi atmega16-16pu (1) atmega16-16mi atmega16-16mu (1) 44a 44a 40p6 40p6 44m1 44m1 industrial (-40 o c to 85 o c) package type 44a 44-lead, thin (1.0 mm) plastic gull wing quad flat package (tqfp) 40p6 40-pin, 0.600? wide, plastic dual inline package (pdip) 44m1 44-pad, 7 x 7 x 1.0 mm body, lead pitch 0.50 mm, quad flat no-lead/micro lead frame package (qfn/mlf)
12 atmega16(l) 2466ns?avr?10/06 packaging information 44a 2325 orchard parkway san jose, ca 95131 title drawing no. r rev. 44a, 44-lead, 10 x 10 mm body size, 1.0 mm body thickness, 0.8 mm lead pitch, thin profile plastic quad flat package (tqfp) b 44a 10/5/2001 pin 1 identifier 0?~7? pin 1 l c a1 a2 a d1 d e e1 e b common dimensions (unit of measure = mm) symbol min nom max note notes: 1. this package conforms to jedec reference ms-026, variation acb. 2. dimensions d1 and e1 do not include mold protrusion. allowable protrusion is 0.25 mm per side. dimensions d1 and e1 are maximum plastic body size dimensions including mold mismatch. 3. lead coplanarity is 0.10 mm maximum. a ? ? 1.20 a1 0.05 ? 0.15 a2 0.95 1.00 1.05 d 11.75 12.00 12.25 d1 9.90 10.00 10.10 note 2 e 11.75 12.00 12.25 e1 9.90 10.00 10.10 note 2 b 0.30 ? 0.45 c 0.09 ? 0.20 l 0.45 ? 0.75 e 0.80 typ
13 atmega16(l) 2466ns?avr?10/06 40p6 2325 orchard parkway san jose, ca 95131 title drawing no. r rev. 40p6 , 40-lead (0.600"/15.24 mm wide) plastic dual inline package (pdip) b 40p6 09/28/01 pin 1 e1 a1 b ref e b1 c l seating plane a 0o ~ 15o d e eb common dimensions (unit of measure = mm) symbol min nom max note a ? ? 4.826 a1 0.381 ? ? d 52.070 ? 52.578 note 2 e 15.240 ? 15.875 e1 13.462 ? 13.970 note 2 b 0.356 ? 0.559 b1 1.041 ? 1.651 l 3.048 ? 3.556 c 0.203 ? 0.381 eb 15.494 ? 17.526 e 2.540 typ notes: 1. this package conforms to jedec reference ms-011, variation ac. 2. dimensions d and e1 do not include mold flash or protrusion. mold flash or protrusion shall not exceed 0.25 mm (0.010").
14 atmega16(l) 2466ns?avr?10/06 44m1 2325 orchard parkway san jose, ca 95131 title drawing no. r rev. 44m1 , 44-pad, 7 x 7 x 1.0 mm body, lead pitch 0.50 mm, g 44m1 5/27/06 common dimen s ion s (unit of measure = mm) s ymbol min nom max note a 0.80 0.90 1.00 a1 ? 0.02 0.05 a3 0.25 ref b 0.18 0.23 0.30 d d2 5.00 5.20 5.40 6.90 7.00 7.10 6.90 7.00 7.10 e e2 5.00 5.20 5.40 e 0.50 bsc l 0.59 0.64 0.69 k 0.20 0.26 0.41 note: jedec standard mo-220, fig. 1 (saw singulation) vkkd-3. top view s ide view bottom view d e marked pin# 1 id e2 d2 b e pin #1 corner l a1 a3 a seating plane pin #1 triangle pin #1 chamfer (c 0.30) option a option b pin #1 notch (0.20 r) option c k k 1 2 3 5.20 mm exposed pad, micro lead frame package (mlf)
15 atmega16(l) 2466ns?avr?10/06 errata the revision letter in this section refers to the revision of the atmega16 device. atmega16(l) rev. m ? first analog comparator conversion may be delayed ? interrupts may be lost when writing the timer registers in the asynchronous timer ? idcode masks data from tdi input 1. first analog comparator conversion may be delayed if the device is powered by a slow rising v cc , the first analog comparator conver- sion will take longer than ex pected on some devices. problem fix/workaround when the device has been powered or reset, disable then enable theanalog com- parator before the first conversion. 2. interrupts may be lost when writing the timer registers in the asynchronous timer if one of the timer registers which is synchronized to the asynchronous timer2 clock is written in the cycle before a overflow interrupt occurs, the interrupt may be lost. problem fix/workaround always check that the timer2 timer/c ounter register, tcnt2, does not have the value 0xff before writing th e timer2 control register, tccr2, or output compare register, ocr2 3. idcode masks data from tdi input the jtag instruction idcode is not workin g correctly. data to succeeding devices are replaced by all-ones during update-dr. problem fix / workaround ? if atmega16 is the only device in the scan chain, the problem is not visible. ? select the device id register of the atmega16 by issuing the idcode instruction or by entering the test-logic-reset state of the tap controller to read out the contents of its device id register and possibly data from succeeding devices of the scan chain. issue the bypass instruction to the atmega16 while reading the device id registers of preceding devices of the boundary scan chain. ? if the device ids of all devices in the boundary scan chain must be captured simultaneously, the atmega16 must be the fist device in the chain. atmega16(l) rev. l ? first analog comparator conversion may be delayed ? interrupts may be lost when writing the timer registers in the asynchronous timer ? idcode masks data from tdi input 1. first analog comparator conversion may be delayed if the device is powered by a slow rising v cc , the first analog comparator conver- sion will take longer than ex pected on some devices. problem fix/workaround when the device has been powered or reset, disable then enable theanalog com- parator before the first conversion. 2. interrupts may be lost when writing the timer registers in the asynchronous timer
16 atmega16(l) 2466ns?avr?10/06 if one of the timer registers which is synchronized to the asynchronous timer2 clock is written in the cycle before a overflow interrupt occurs, the interrupt may be lost. problem fix/workaround always check that the timer2 timer/c ounter register, tcnt2, does not have the value 0xff before writing th e timer2 control register, tccr2, or output compare register, ocr2 3. idcode masks data from tdi input the jtag instruction idcode is not workin g correctly. data to succeeding devices are replaced by all-ones during update-dr. problem fix / workaround ? if atmega16 is the only device in the scan chain, the problem is not visible. ? select the device id register of the atmega16 by issuing the idcode instruction or by entering the test-logic-reset state of the tap controller to read out the contents of its device id register and possibly data from succeeding devices of the scan chain. issue the bypass instruction to the atmega16 while reading the device id registers of preceding devices of the boundary scan chain. ? if the device ids of all devices in the boundary scan chain must be captured simultaneously, the atmega16 must be the fist device in the chain. atmega16(l) rev. k ? first analog comparator conversion may be delayed ? interrupts may be lost when writing the timer registers in the asynchronous timer ? idcode masks data from tdi input 1. first analog comparator conversion may be delayed if the device is powered by a slow rising v cc , the first analog comparator conver- sion will take longer than ex pected on some devices. problem fix/workaround when the device has been powered or reset, disable then enable theanalog com- parator before the first conversion. 2. interrupts may be lost when writing the timer registers in the asynchronous timer if one of the timer registers which is synchronized to the asynchronous timer2 clock is written in the cycle before a overflow interrupt occurs, the interrupt may be lost. problem fix/workaround always check that the timer2 timer/c ounter register, tcnt2, does not have the value 0xff before writing th e timer2 control register, tccr2, or output compare register, ocr2 3. idcode masks data from tdi input the jtag instruction idcode is not workin g correctly. data to succeeding devices are replaced by all-ones during update-dr. problem fix / workaround ? if atmega16 is the only device in the scan chain, the problem is not visible. ? select the device id register of the atmega16 by issuing the idcode instruction or by entering the test-logic-reset state of the tap controller to read out the contents of its device id register and possibly data from
17 atmega16(l) 2466ns?avr?10/06 succeeding devices of the scan chain. issue the bypass instruction to the atmega16 while reading the device id registers of preceding devices of the boundary scan chain. ? if the device ids of all devices in the boundary scan chain must be captured simultaneously, the atmega16 must be the fist device in the chain. atmega16(l) rev. j ? first analog comparator conversion may be delayed ? interrupts may be lost when writing the timer registers in the asynchronous timer ? idcode masks data from tdi input 1. first analog comparator conversion may be delayed if the device is powered by a slow rising v cc , the first analog comparator conver- sion will take longer than ex pected on some devices. problem fix/workaround when the device has been powered or reset, disable then enable theanalog com- parator before the first conversion. 2. interrupts may be lost when writing the timer registers in the asynchronous timer if one of the timer registers which is synchronized to the asynchronous timer2 clock is written in the cycle before a overflow interrupt occurs, the interrupt may be lost. problem fix/workaround always check that the timer2 timer/c ounter register, tcnt2, does not have the value 0xff before writing th e timer2 control register, tccr2, or output compare register, ocr2 3. idcode masks data from tdi input the jtag instruction idcode is not workin g correctly. data to succeeding devices are replaced by all-ones during update-dr. problem fix / workaround ? if atmega16 is the only device in the scan chain, the problem is not visible. ? select the device id register of the atmega16 by issuing the idcode instruction or by entering the test-logic-reset state of the tap controller to read out the contents of its device id register and possibly data from succeeding devices of the scan chain. issue the bypass instruction to the atmega16 while reading the device id registers of preceding devices of the boundary scan chain. ? if the device ids of all devices in the boundary scan chain must be captured simultaneously, the atmega16 must be the fist device in the chain. atmega16(l) rev. i ? first analog comparator conversion may be delayed ? interrupts may be lost when writing the timer registers in the asynchronous timer ? idcode masks data from tdi input 1. first analog comparator conversion may be delayed if the device is powered by a slow rising v cc , the first analog comparator conver- sion will take longer than ex pected on some devices. problem fix/workaround when the device has been powered or reset, disable then enable theanalog com- parator before the first conversion.
18 atmega16(l) 2466ns?avr?10/06 2. interrupts may be lost when writing the timer registers in the asynchronous timer if one of the timer registers which is synchronized to the asynchronous timer2 clock is written in the cycle before a overflow interrupt occurs, the interrupt may be lost. problem fix/workaround always check that the timer2 timer/c ounter register, tcnt2, does not have the value 0xff before writing th e timer2 control register, tccr2, or output compare register, ocr2 3. idcode masks data from tdi input the jtag instruction idcode is not workin g correctly. data to succeeding devices are replaced by all-ones during update-dr. problem fix / workaround ? if atmega16 is the only device in the scan chain, the problem is not visible. ? select the device id register of the atmega16 by issuing the idcode instruction or by entering the test-logic-reset state of the tap controller to read out the contents of its device id register and possibly data from succeeding devices of the scan chain. issue the bypass instruction to the atmega16 while reading the device id registers of preceding devices of the boundary scan chain. ? if the device ids of all devices in the boundary scan chain must be captured simultaneously, the atmega16 must be the fist device in the chain. atmega16(l) rev. h ? first analog comparator conversion may be delayed ? interrupts may be lost when writing the timer registers in the asynchronous timer ? idcode masks data from tdi input 1. first analog comparator conversion may be delayed if the device is powered by a slow rising v cc , the first analog comparator conver- sion will take longer than ex pected on some devices. problem fix/workaround when the device has been powered or reset, disable then enable theanalog com- parator before the first conversion. 2. interrupts may be lost when writing the timer registers in the asynchronous timer if one of the timer registers which is synchronized to the asynchronous timer2 clock is written in the cycle before a overflow interrupt occurs, the interrupt may be lost. problem fix/workaround always check that the timer2 timer/c ounter register, tcnt2, does not have the value 0xff before writing th e timer2 control register, tccr2, or output compare register, ocr2 3. idcode masks data from tdi input the jtag instruction idcode is not workin g correctly. data to succeeding devices are replaced by all-ones during update-dr. problem fix / workaround ? if atmega16 is the only device in the scan chain, the problem is not visible.
19 atmega16(l) 2466ns?avr?10/06 ? select the device id register of the atmega16 by issuing the idcode instruction or by entering the test-logic-reset state of the tap controller to read out the contents of its device id register and possibly data from succeeding devices of the scan chain. issue the bypass instruction to the atmega16 while reading the device id registers of preceding devices of the boundary scan chain. ? if the device ids of all devices in the boundary scan chain must be captured simultaneously, the atmega16 must be the fist device in the chain.
20 atmega16(l) 2466ns?avr?10/06 datasheet revision history please note that the referring page numbers in this section are referred to this docu- ment. the referring revision in this section are referring to the document revision. rev. 2466n-10/06 1. updated ?timer/counter oscillator? on page 31. 2. updated ?fast pwm mode? on page 102. 3. updated table 38 on page 83, table 40 on page 84, table 45 on page 112, table 47 on page 113, table 50 on page 129 and table 52 on page 130. 4. updated c code example in ?usart initialization? on page 150. 5. updated ?errata? on page 343. rev. 2466m-04/06 1. updated typos. 2. updated ?serial peripheral interface ? spi? on page 136. 3. updated table 86 on page 222, table 116 on page 279 ,table 121 on page 298 and table 122 on page 300. rev. 2466l-06/05 1. updated note in ?bit rate generator unit? on page 179. 2. updated values for v int in ?adc characteris tics? on page 300. 3. updated ?serial programming instruction set? on page 279. 4. updated usart init c-code e xample in ?usart? on page 145. rev. 2466k-04/05 1. updated ?ordering information? on page 11. 2. mlf-package alternative changed to ?quad flat no-lead/micro lead frame package qfn/mlf?. 3. updated ?electrical characteristics? on page 294. rev. 2466j-10/04 1. updated ?ordering information? on page 11. rev. 2466i-10/04 1. removed references to analog ground. 2. updated table 7 on page 28, table 15 on page 38, table 16 on page 42, table 81 on page 211, table 116 on page 279, and table 119 on page 296. 3. updated ?pinout atmega16? on page 2. 4. updated features in ?analog to digital converter? on page 205. 5. updated ?version? on page 230. 6. updated ?calibration byte? on page 264.
21 atmega16(l) 2466ns?avr?10/06 7. added ?page size? on page 265. rev. 2466h-12/03 1. updated ?calibrated internal rc oscillator? on page 29. rev. 2466g-10/03 1. removed ?preliminary? from the datasheet. 2. changed icp to icp1 in the datasheet. 3. updated ?jtag interface and on-chip debug system? on page 36. 4. updated assembly and c code examples in ?watchdog timer control regis- ter ? wdtcr? on page 43. 5. updated figure 46 on page 103. 6. updated table 15 on page 38, table 82 on page 218 and table 115 on page 279. 7. updated ?test access port ? tap? on page 223 regarding jtagen. 8. updated description for the jtd bit on page 232. 9. added note 2 to figure 126 on page 255. 10. added a note regarding jtagen fuse to table 105 on page 263. 11. updated absolute maximum ratings* and dc characteristics in ?electrical characteristics? on page 294. 12. updated ?atmega16 typical characteristics? on page 302. 13. fixed typo for 16 mhz qfn/mlf package in ?ordering information? on page 11. 14. added a proposal for solving problems regarding the jtag instruction idcode in ?errata? on page 15. rev. 2466f-02/03 1. added note about masking out unused bits when reading the program counter in ?stack pointer? on page 12. 2. added chip erase as a first step in ?programming the flash? on page 291 and ?programming the eeprom? on page 292. 3. added the section ?unconnected pins? on page 55. 4. added tips on how to disable the ocd system in ?on-chip debug system? on page 34. 5. removed reference to the ?multi-purpose oscillator? application note and ?32 khz crystal oscillator? application note, which do not exist. 6. added information about pwm symmetry for timer0 and timer2.
22 atmega16(l) 2466ns?avr?10/06 7. added note in ?filling the temporary buffer (page loading)? on page 256 about writing to the eeprom during an spm page load. 8. removed adhsm completely. 9. added table 73, ?twi bit rate prescaler,? on page 183 to describe the twps bits in the ?twi status register ? twsr? on page 182. 10. added section ?default clock source? on page 25. 11. added note about frequency variation when using an external clock. note added in ?external clock? on page 31. an extra row and a note added in table 118 on page 296. 12. various minor twi corrections. 13. added ?power consumption? data in ?features? on page 1. 14. added section ?eeprom write during power-down sleep mode? on page 22. 15. added note about differential mode wi th auto triggering in ?prescaling and conversion timing? on page 208. 16. added updated ?packaging information? on page 12. rev. 2466e-10/02 1. updated ?dc characteristics? on page 294. rev. 2466d-09/02 1. changed all flash write/erase cycles from 1,000 to 10,000. 2. updated the following tables: table 4 on page 26, table 15 on page 38, table 42 on page 85, table 45 on page 112, table 46 on page 112, table 59 on page 144, table 67 on page 168, table 90 on page 237, table 102 on page 261, ?dc characteristics? on page 294, table 119 on page 296, table 121 on page 298, and table 122 on page 300. 3. updated ?errata? on page 15. rev. 2466c-03/02 1. updated typical eeprom progra mming time, table 1 on page 20. 2. updated typical start-up time in the following tables: table 3 on page 25, table 5 on page 27, table 6 on page 28, table 8 on page 29, table 9 on page 29, and table 10 on page 30. 3. updated table 17 on page 43 with typical wdt time-out. 4. added some preliminary test li mits and characterization data. removed some of the tbd's in the following tables and pages: table 15 on page 38, table 16 on page 42, table 116 on page 272 (table removed in document review #d), ?electrical characteristics? on page 294, table 119 on page 296, table 121 on page 298, and table 122 on page 300. 5. updated twi chapter.
23 atmega16(l) 2466ns?avr?10/06 added the note at the end of the ?bit rate generator unit? on page 179. 6. corrected description of adsc bit in ?adc control and status register a ? adcsra? on page 220. 7. improved description on how to do a polarity check of the adc doff results in ?adc conversion result? on page 217. 8. added jtag version number for rev. h in table 87 on page 230. 9. added not regarding ocden fuse below table 105 on page 263. 10. updated programming figures: figure 127 on page 265 and figure 136 on page 277 are updated to also reflect that avcc must be connected during programming mode. figure 131 on page 273 added to illustrate how to program the fuses. 11. added a note regarding usage of the ?prog_pageload ($6)? on page 283 and ?prog_pageread ($7)? on page 283. 12. removed alternative algortihm for leaving jtag programming mode. see ?leaving programming mode? on page 291. 13. added calibrated rc oscillator characterization curves in section ?atmega16 typical characteristics? on page 302. 14. corrected ordering code for qfn/mlf package (16mhz) in ?ordering informa- tion? on page 11. 15. corrected table 90, ?scan signals for the oscillators(1)(2)(3),? on page 237.
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